One Person Company (OPC) Registration
Quick Answer
One Person Company Registration India allows a single individual to incorporate a company with limited liability under the Companies Act, 2013. This form of business incorporation is ideal for sole proprietors seeking corporate status without requiring a minimum of two members.
One Person Company (OPC) Registration — detailed explanation below
Governing Act — One Person Company Registration India
One Person Company Registration India is governed by the Companies Act, 2013. Section 2(62) defines an OPC as a company with only one member. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) administers the registration process through the Registrar of Companies (ROC).
Government Department & Website for One Person Company Registration India
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is the government department responsible for One Person Company Registration India. The official portal for filing incorporation documents is the MCA21 portal at www.mca.gov.in. All forms, fee payments, and approvals are processed through this portal.
One Person Company Registration India Application Process
The process for One Person Company Registration India involves the following steps:
- Obtain Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) for the proposed director.
- Apply for Director Identification Number (DIN) through Form DIR-3.
- Reserve a unique company name using Form RUN (Reserve Unique Name).
- File incorporation forms SPICe+ (Form INC-32) along with e-MoA (INC-33) and e-AoA (INC-34).
- Submit the registered office address proof and consent of the nominee.
- Upon approval, the ROC issues a Certificate of Incorporation.
Key Forms Required for One Person Company Registration India
The key forms for One Person Company Registration India are:
- Form INC-32 (SPICe+): Main incorporation application.
- Form INC-33 (e-MoA): Electronic Memorandum of Association.
- Form INC-34 (e-AoA): Electronic Articles of Association.
- Form DIR-3: For obtaining Director Identification Number.
- Form RUN: For name reservation.
- Form INC-9: Declaration by subscriber and first director.
- Form INC-22A: Registered office address proof.
Eligibility Criteria for One Person Company Registration India
To be eligible for One Person Company Registration India:
- Only a natural person who is an Indian citizen and resident in India can incorporate an OPC.
- The person must be at least 18 years old.
- The OPC must have a nominee, who is also an Indian citizen and resident, to take over in case of the member's death or incapacity.
- An OPC cannot be converted into a public company or a private company with more than one member until two years from incorporation, unless the paid-up capital exceeds ₹50 lakh or average annual turnover exceeds ₹2 crore.
Timeline for One Person Company Registration India
The timeline for One Person Company Registration India depends on the speed of document preparation and ROC processing. Generally, the process involves name approval (1-2 days), document filing (1-2 days), and ROC verification (3-5 days). However, no specific timeline can be guaranteed as it varies by case.
Fees for One Person Company Registration India
The government fees for One Person Company Registration India are prescribed under the Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014. The fees depend on the authorized capital of the OPC. Below is the fee structure:
| Authorized Capital | Government Fee |
|---|---|
| Up to ₹1,00,000 | ₹500 |
| ₹1,00,001 to ₹5,00,000 | ₹2,000 |
| ₹5,00,001 to ₹10,00,000 | ₹4,000 |
| Above ₹10,00,000 | ₹5,000 + ₹1,000 per ₹1,00,000 increase |
Additional costs include professional fees for DSC, DIN, and document preparation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is One Person Company Registration India?
One Person Company Registration India is the process of incorporating a company with a single member under the Companies Act, 2013. It provides limited liability and separate legal entity status to the sole owner.
Who is eligible for One Person Company Registration India?
Only an Indian citizen and resident (stayed in India for at least 182 days in the preceding calendar year) can incorporate an OPC. The member must also appoint a nominee who is an Indian citizen and resident.
What are the documents required for One Person Company Registration India?
Documents include PAN card, Aadhaar card, passport-size photo, address proof (bank statement, utility bill), registered office proof (rent agreement or ownership documents), and consent of the nominee.
Can an OPC be converted into a private limited company after One Person Company Registration India?
Yes, an OPC can be converted into a private limited company voluntarily after two years of incorporation, or earlier if the paid-up capital exceeds ₹50 lakh or average annual turnover exceeds ₹2 crore.
What is the difference between One Person Company Registration India and sole proprietorship?
An OPC is a separate legal entity with limited liability, perpetual succession, and easier access to funding, whereas a sole proprietorship has unlimited liability and no separate legal identity. OPC registration is more formal and requires compliance with the Companies Act.
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